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Long Beach is a city located in southern Los Angeles County, California, USA, on the Pacific coast. It borders Orange County on its southeast border. It is about 20 miles (30 km) south of downtown Los Angeles. Long Beach is the 35th-largest city in the nation and the 5th-largest in California. As of 2005, its estimated populus was 463,956. The area was originally occupied by the Tongva people who stayed in a rancheria named Tibahangna. Along with other Tongva villages, it disappeared in the mid-1800s. Rancho Los Cerritos was bought in 1843 by John Temple, a Yankee who had come to California in 1827 . Soon after he built what is now known as the "Los Cerritos Ranch House," an adobe which still stands and is a National Historic Landmark. Temple created a thriving cattle ranch and prospered, becoming the wealthiest man in Los Angeles County. Both Temple and his ranch house played important local roles in the Mexican-US War. Meanwhile, on an island in the San Pedro Bay, Mormon pioneers made an abortive attempt to establish a colony (as part of Brigham Young`s plan to establish a continuous chain of settlements from the Pacific to Salt Lake). The town grew as a seaside resort (The Pike was one of the most famous beachside amusement parks on the West coast from 1902 until the 1960s) and then as an oil, Navy, and port town. The town was once referred to as "Iowa by the sea," due to a large influx of people from that state and other states in the Midwest. Huge picnics for each state were a popular annual event in Long Beach until the 1960s.
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